Why Do Some Monarch Butterflies Have Crumpled Wings

Reports about the  decline of monarch butterflies in North America have stirred the nature-loving public to take action, hoping to reverse the trend.  Many people have planted backyard milkweed patches or installed butterfly gardens and started paying closer attention to the monarchs that visit their yards. If youve begun to observe the monarch butterflies in your area, youve probably discovered that many monarchs dont make it to adulthood. Some will make it through the pupal stage only to emerge as deformed adults with crumpled wings, unable to fly. Why are some monarch butterflies similarly deformed? Why Monarchs Have Crumpled Wings A protozoan parasite known as Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE) is most likely to blame for a monarch butterfly with crumpled wings. These single-celled organisms are obligate parasites, meaning they require a host organism in which to live and reproduce. Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, a parasite of monarch and queen butterflies, was first discovered in butterflies in Florida in the 1960s. Scientists have since confirmed that OE affects monarchs worldwide and is believed to have co-evolved with monarch and queen butterflies. Monarch butterflies with high levels of OE infection might be too weak to emerge completely from the chrysalis and sometimes die during emergence. Those that do manage to break free of the pupal case might be too weak to hold on long enough to expand and dry their wings. An OE-infected adult might fall to the ground before its wings are fully open. The wings dry wrinkled and folded, and the butterfly is unable to fly. These deformed butterflies wont live long and cannot be saved. If you find one on the ground and want to help it, place it in a protected area and give it some nectar-rich flowers or a sugar-water solution. There is nothing you can do to fix its wings, however, and it will be vulnerable to predators since it cannot fly. Symptoms of OE Infection Monarch butterflies with low OE parasite loads might not show symptoms of infection. Individuals with high parasite loads may exhibit any of the following symptoms: Infected Pupa Dark spots that become visible a few days before the adult is expected to emergeUnusual, asymmetrical coloration of the adult butterfly while still within the pupal case Infected Adult Butterfly WeaknessDifficulty emerging from the chrysalisFailure to emerge from the chrysalisFailure to cling to the chrysalis upon emergenceCrumpled or wrinkled wings that arent fully expanded Although monarchs with low parasite loads may appear healthy, be able to fly, and reproduce, they might still be affected by the parasites. OE-infected monarchs are often smaller, have shorter forewings, and weigh less than healthy, parasite-free monarchs. They are weaker fliers and prone to desiccation. Male monarch butterflies infected with OE are less likely to mate. Testing for OE Infection According to researchers at the University of Georgia, OE infection rates vary between different monarch butterfly populations in North America. Non-migratory monarchs in southern Florida have the highest OE parasite infection rates, with 70% of the population carrying OE. About 30% of western migratory monarchs (those living west of the Rocky Mountains) are infected with OE. Eastern migratory monarchs have the lowest infection rate. Infected butterflies dont always exhibit symptoms of OE, but you can easily test a butterfly for OE infection. Infected monarch adults have OE spores (dormant cells) on the outside of their bodies, particularly on their abdomens. Scientists sample OE parasite loads by pressing clear Scotchâ„ ¢ tape on a butterflys abdomen to pick up the OE spores. OE spores are visible—they look like tiny footballs—under magnification as low as 40 power. To test a butterfly for OE infection, press a piece of ultraclear tape against the butterflys abdomen. Examine the tape under a microscope and count the number of spores in a 1 cm by 1 cm area.

Platos life and contributions to society.. What is known...

Plato is a man that has, in a way, been immortalized. Even though, he lived and died thousands of years ago, his thoughts and his ideas still live on today. In order to most accurately get a feel for who Plato was, there are many factors to be looked at. First, one should look at the times in which Plato lived. This includes, but is not limited to, the culture, the common thought, and any major historical happenings. Second, one should examine Platos specific surroundings and environment. However, most of the specific biographical information about Plato is based upon assumptions and educated guesses, none of which can be proven. Third, one should examine one of the most significant people in Platos life, his teacher Socrates. There is†¦show more content†¦The following year, there was a restoration of democracy to Athens, which gave Plato the hope of joining the politics in Athens. However, Athens politics werent as ethically sound as Plato had hoped and with the death of h is teacher and friend Socrates in 399 B.C., Plato decided never to get involved with politics in Athens. After Socrates death, Plato traveled to Egypt, Sicily, and Italy. While in Italy, Plato learned of the works of Pythagoras, which allowed Plato to better appreciate mathematics. Upon returning to Athens, Plato rejoined the military, where he received honors of bravery and it was during this time that he began to write his dialogues. After his service, Plato founded the Academy in hopes of producing better statesman to govern the peoples of the world, and, probably, better mathematicians. Plato put much importance on mathematics, as is shown in what was written over the door of the academy: Let no one unversed in geometry enter here. After this point in his life, little is known or can be guessed about concerning Platos experiences. One of the most significant influences in the life of Plato and the molding of Platos thoughts is Socrates. Most of what is known about Socrates is what is gotten out of Platos dialogues and by the writings of Socrates contemporaries, because Socrates wrote nothing himself. Socrates was an excellent debater, one of the best of his times. HeShow MoreRelatedTraditional and Contemporary Issues and Challenges14128 Words   |  57 PagesTraditional and Contemporary Issues and Challenges FIRST THINGS FIRST Coke Needs Shaking Up â€Å"We feel pretty good about the way the company is moving. We just have bumps in the road that are so doggone visible.† —JIMMY WILLIAMS, DIRECTOR, COCA-COLA chapter 2 At the peak of Coca-Cola’s dominance of the soft-drink industry, about 1996, the company seemed invincible. Coke’s then-CEO Roberto Goizueta and many industry observers dismissed PepsiCo as a loser in the cola wars. Goizueta convincedRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 PagesEthics And Genetics Study: 48 Implications of Behavioural Genetics Research In Society: 50 How the genes influence behaviour and ethics: 52 2.3- PHILOSOPHICAL: 55 2.31- Contribution Of In Ethics By The Source Of Philosophical Systems: 55 2.32- Contribution of Aristotle: 57 2.33- Contributions By Other Important Philosophers: 58 2.34- Rights Theory: 64 2.35- Contribution By KANT: 65 2.36- Contribution By ROSS: 66 2.4- CULTURAL: 68 2.5- LEGAL SYSTEM: 71 2.6- CODES OF ETHICS:

Coming Into The Math Activity Essay - 1834 Words

Coming into the math activity, I was expecting the activity to go smoothly. I figured the students would be able to solve multiplication problems easily and would need very little, if any help. I figured they would be able to follow instructions. That’s exactly what happened for the third graders, but for the younger ones we had to switch to addition instead of multiplication. Overall, it was a very pleasant activity and it taught me a lot about how children today are learning when it comes to mathematics. Kids Count threw us a big curveball when they told us we wouldn’t be getting only third graders because after all, our activity was designed for third graders. We decided to do addition for younger students instead. For one group, we had to implement that. For another group, we had all third graders and one second grader. She didn’t know multiplication so I had to explain to her that multiplication is adding up numbers. For a problem like 11x5, we added 11x5 ti mes to get 55. I wanted her to write out the answer and work it out herself with the whiteboard but I realized I couldn’t do that- the third graders were getting antsy and were shouting out the answer when they knew they weren’t supposed to because they were tired of waiting. I knew then I had to I had to write it out while she did the math either in her head or on her finger and make it easy for her. I would say what’s 11+11, she’d say 21 and I would say add another 11 and so on until we got the appropriateShow MoreRelatedMy Favorite Science Memories From Elementary School1486 Words   |  6 PagesI have always known that STEM stands for science, technology, engineering, and math, but I have never thought about what it means to me. Even if you do not pursue a career in STEM, you are still around it everyday. In the third grade when we were learning about the planets; we made a mobile representing all of the planets and had an acronym to remember them i n order. Another one of my favorite science memories from elementary school was when we learned about the water cycle. We learned a song toRead MoreAnalyzing The Ways Are You re Good At Math?1602 Words   |  7 Pages 1. In what ways are you â€Å"smart† at math? Highlight all of the things you’re good at. (Everyone is good at some of these things and no one is good at all of them!) †¢ making observations †¢ making predictions †¢ finding patterns †¢ drawing diagrams †¢ remembering vocabulary †¢ estimating †¢ organizing information into tables or charts †¢ using symbols †¢ visualizing †¢ making conjectures †¢ tinkering with problems †¢ using math language †¢ thinking abstractly †¢ explaining my thinking out loud †¢ explainingRead MoreGraduation Speech : Math Camp1046 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity s math camp. The arrival time was at seven Friday night, and the time we were released was five in the afternoon on Saturday. Arriving to math camp, I didn’t know what to expect and what to take from the whole event. I was not sure if it was actually going to be a fun event for us or if it was going to be an event where you sit down, do math problems, and keep to yourself. I can honestly say that I was pleasantly surprised when I arrived and was introduced by a tunnel of math camp leadersRead MoreWhat Was Done By The Faculty Member And / Or Students?909 Words   |  4 Pagesused to solve the math equation and randomly called on students for the answers. After working out a few of the math problems Ms. Connelly asked the class if they understood how she solved the equations. A few students nodded their heads and then Ms. Connelly moved on solving the next equation. Ms. Connelly refere nced a quiz that was coming up tomorrow in the students math classes and stated the homework problems will be on the quiz. The teacher then continued working out math problems and usingRead MoreOverview Of The Julia Robinson Mathematics Festivals943 Words   |  4 PagesFestival. We continue to reach more and more students across the country and around the globe in fulfillment of our mission to bring the joy and beauty of mathematics to as many students as we can through non-competitive, extra-curricular mathematics activities. The reach of JRMF Festivals is expanding rapidly, while we retain the partners the JRMF team has developed over the years. This year JRMF and our partners have hosted 50 festivals in 15 states and 5 foreign countries, reaching more than 5000Read MoreResearch Proposal Sample883 Words   |  4 Pagesand innovation for the Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival. We continue our expansion and fulfillment of our mission to bring the joy and beauty of mathematics to as many students as we can, through non-competitive extra-curricular mathematics activities. The reach of our Festivals is expanding rapidly, but we are also retaining the partners we have developed over the years. This year we have hosted more than 40 festivals in 15 states and 5 foreign countries, reaching more than 5000 students.Read MoreThe Importance Of Education1443 Words   |  6 Pagessports, and after-school activities more than their common core classes. Which are Math, English, Science, and History. In order to increase student success at school all around Anaheim, students should spend more time in their common core classes, rather than spending the same amount of time in their elective classes. In Maritas Bargain by Malcolm Gladwell, Gladwell writes â€Å" only about 16% of all middle school students are performing at or above their grade level in math†(4). Less than 25% of studentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Elementary School867 Words   |  4 PagesMusic is very important to me and I think that it is something that we take for granted. I didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t realize this before I got to college. After coming to college, I realized that many students do not have the musical privilege that I had. I have always had a music class since I was in Kindergarten. To me, music was just another class that I had to take. I had mixed feelings about music in grade school because sometimes I felt forced to do certain things relating to music. Sometimes our teachersRead MoreThe M M By Barbara Barbieri Mcgrath859 Words   |  4 PagesMy favorite elementary grade was 2nd grade so I chose a lesson and activity for this grade off of UEN.ORG Website. The standard is that students should be able to add and subtract within 20 using mental strategies by the end of 2nd grade. Students should also know from memory all sums of two one-digit numbers. I will start out the activity by reading The MM Counting Book written by Barbara Barbieri McGrath. After the book has been read, I will place my students in pairs of two. I will than provideRead MoreProgressivism : Teaching As A Future Educator896 Words   |  4 Pagesof teaching as a future educator. Teachers who use the progressivism style are able to meet the learners needs by formatting their curriculum to the student’s interests and using different techniques such as learning centers, cooperative learning activities, and opportunities of participation for all the students. I think the progressivism approach is the best way to engage the students and ensure that what they are learning will stick with them and add to their educational goals. Throughout my education

Race - a Social Issue free essay sample

This paper sheds light on the pervasive social issue of race and shows how society contributes to racial segregation and discrimination. While some people are of the view that race is purely a biological phenomenon, the truth however, is that race is turned into a burning social problem because of the attitude of the society towards colored people. In other words, it is the flawed social thinking that results in intense social segregation. This paper explores the social issue of race and shows how society contributes to racial segregation and discrimination. The paper uses as examples writers Richard Wright (author of Native Son) and Anne Moody (author of Coming of Age in Mississippi) to show how the social thinking which contributed to racial segregation in their lives pushed them to write. Moody, through her various experiences and observations as a black person, reached some interesting conclusions on her race and its place in the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Race a Social Issue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reason why she felt that race was essentially determined by the attitude of the society towards colored people was because she too had noticed the difference in the thinking of blacks who had lived in the South and those who were living in the North. Since racial segregation was mainly a pervasive social problem in the South, blacks living in the North were blissfully unaware of discrimination that their brothers had to encounter in the South. This made Moody understand that race had a lot to be with social thinking of others around, the sheer difference in the attitude of blacks living in the South and those living in the North could reveal the truth about role of society in this issue.